What Are The Most Popular Festivals In India?
India is a land of vibrant colors, rich traditions, and joyful celebrations. From the lively streets of Mumbai to the serene temples of Varanasi, this diverse country is known for its countless festivals. Each region has its own unique way of celebrating. However, some festivals have captured the hearts of people all across India. In this article, we will explore the most popular festivals that bring the country together in unity and celebration. Prepare to immerse yourself in the awe-inspiring sights. Experience the captivating sounds and flavors that make these festivals a cherished part of Indian culture.
Diwali
Significance of Diwali
Diwali, also known as Deepavali, is one of the most widely celebrated festivals in India. It holds great religious and cultural significance for Hindus. It marks the victory of light over darkness and good over evil. The festival commemorates Lord Rama’s return to Ayodhya after fourteen years of exile and his victory over the demon king Ravana. Diwali is also associated with the goddess of wealth, Lakshmi. Many believe that lighting lamps in their homes will invite her blessings.
Celebrations and traditions
Diwali is a time of joy and festivities. The preparations begin weeks in advance as homes are thoroughly cleaned and decorated with vibrant rangolis, colorful lanterns, and strings of lights. People adorn themselves in new clothes and exchange gifts with their loved ones to express affection and strengthen relationships. Families come together to perform puja (prayers) to seek blessings from the deities, and traditional sweets and delicacies are prepared and shared with neighbors and friends.
Fireworks and decorations
One of the highlights of Diwali celebrations is the breathtaking display of fireworks. As the night sky gets illuminated with bursts of colors and sparkles, there is a sense of magic and excitement in the air. People gather in open spaces to watch the mesmerizing fireworks, and children, in particular, relish in lighting firecrackers and sparklers. Additionally, the use of decorative lights and diyas (clay lamps) adds to the overall festive ambiance, making Diwali a festival of lights in every sense.
Exchange of gifts and sweets
Exchanging gifts and sweets is an integral part of Diwali celebrations. It is believed that sharing these tokens of love and appreciation brings prosperity and happiness. Families and friends exchange beautifully wrapped presents that range from traditional clothes, jewelry, and home decor items to sweets and dry fruits. Popular Diwali sweets include ladoos, barfis, and jalebis, which are prepared at home or purchased from local sweet shops. This exchange of gifts and sweets strengthens bonds and adds joy to the festive spirit of Diwali.
Holi
Festival of colors
Holi, often referred to as the “festival of colors,” is one of the most vibrant and lively festivals in India. It is widely known for the playful and exuberant throwing of colored powders and water. Holi marks the arrival of spring and is celebrated as a way to bid farewell to the cold winter months. It is also associated with various legends and mythological stories. The most popular legend is the triumph of good over evil through the burning of the demoness Holika.
Traditions and rituals
The festivities of Holi begin on the evening of the full moon and continue into the next day. People gather in open spaces and drench each other in brightly colored powders and water. Singing and dancing are integral parts of the celebrations, as people move joyously to the beats of traditional Holi songs. The atmosphere is filled with laughter, music, and excitement as everyone, regardless of age or social status, joins in the revelry.
Playing with color powders and water
During Holi, people of all ages participate in the playful throwing of color powders and water. Traditional dry powder colors, known as gulal, are derived from natural sources like flowers, herbs, and plants, while watercolors are created by diluting the dry colors in water. The act of applying these vibrant colors on each other’s faces and clothes is not only enjoyable but also signifies the breaking down of social barriers and the arrival of love and friendship.
Music, dance, and bonfires
Holi celebrations are incomplete without music and dance. People gather around bonfires known as Holika Dahan on the eve of Holi and sing and dance to religious and folk songs. The bonfires symbolize the victory of good over evil and serve as a reminder of the legend associated with Prahlad and Holika. Traditional folk dances like the energetic Bhangra from Punjab and graceful Garba from Gujarat are performed during Holi. This adds to the festive spirit and creates a sense of unity among diverse communities.
Navratri/Durga Puja
Worship of Goddess Durga
Navratri, meaning “nine nights,” is a festival dedicated to honoring the Hindu goddess Durga. It is celebrated with enormous enthusiasm and devotion across different regions of India. Goddess Durga represents power and wisdom, and her worship during Navratri signifies the triumph of good over evil. The festival is also celebrated in honor of the divine feminine energy and is a time for self-reflection, spiritual growth, and seeking blessings.
Nine nights of dancing and music
Navratri is synonymous with vibrant music and energetic dancing. People gather in beautifully decorated venues, known as pandals, to perform traditional dances and rhythmic movements in worship of the goddess. The most popular dance forms during Navratri are Garba and Dandiya Raas. Garba is a circular dance performed by both men and women, where participants move in synchrony to traditional folk songs. Dandiya Raas involves dancing with colorful sticks called dandiyas, creating an energetic and joyful atmosphere.
Garba and Dandiya Raas
Garba and Dandiya Raas are integral parts of Navratri celebrations, especially in the western state of Gujarat. Garba involves gracefully moving in a circular pattern while clapping and singing devotional songs dedicated to Goddess Durga. Participants wear vibrant traditional attire, often embellished with intricate embroidery and mirror work. At night, the celebrations transform into Dandiya Raas, where people dance in pairs, striking their dandiyas in a rhythmic beat. These dances symbolize the fight between the goddess and the demons, reenacting the triumph of good over evil.
Traditional attire and jewelry
During Navratri, people take pleasure in dressing up in vibrant and traditional attire. Women wear colorful and heavily embellished ghagra cholis (skirt and blouse), while men opt for traditional kurta pajamas. Intricate jewelry, such as oxidized silver necklaces, earrings, and bangles, is worn to enhance the overall look. The stunning combination of bright colors, dazzling embroidery, and traditional jewelry adds to the festive atmosphere and creates a visual spectacle during Navratri celebrations.
Ganesh Chaturthi
Celebration of Lord Ganesha’s birthday
Ganesh Chaturthi is a joyous festival celebrated to honor Lord Ganesha, the elephant-headed god of wisdom and prosperity. It marks the birth of Lord Ganesha and is observed with immense devotion across India. Lord Ganesha is revered as the remover of obstacles and the god of new beginnings. This makes the festival an auspicious time for people to seek his blessings and embark on new endeavors.
Installation of idols
Ganesh Chaturthi begins with the installation of elaborately crafted idols of Lord Ganesha in homes and public places. The idols are made from clay and are beautifully adorned with colorful decorations and accessories. The installation of these idols is accompanied by chanting of mantras and performing traditional rituals. The idols are worshipped for a specific period, usually ranging from one to eleven days, and devotees offer flowers, fruits, and sweets to seek Lord Ganesha’s blessings and guidance.
Offerings, prayers, and rituals
During Ganesh Chaturthi, people offer various items to Lord Ganesha as part of their prayers and rituals. Modak, a sweet dumpling, is considered Lord Ganesha’s favorite food and is prepared and offered as prasad (blessed food) during the festival. Devotees perform aarti (rituals involving the waving of lit lamps) at home and in temples, accompanied by the chanting of hymns and devotional songs. The atmosphere is filled with the fragrance of incense and the sounds of bells, creating a spiritually uplifting experience for all.
Visarjan (immersion) of idols in water
The culmination of Ganesh Chaturthi is marked by the visarjan, or immersion, of Lord Ganesha’s idols in bodies of water. Devotees gather in large processions, carrying the idols amidst lively music and dancing, and make their way towards rivers, lakes, or the ocean. The visarjan symbolizes bidding farewell to Lord Ganesha as he returns to his heavenly abode. The atmosphere during the visarjan is filled with emotions as devotees sing and dance, expressing gratitude for the blessings received and hoping for Lord Ganesha’s return the following year.
Eid-al-Fitr
Islamic festival marking the end of Ramadan
Eid-al-Fitr, also known as Ramzan Eid or the “Festival of Breaking the Fast,” is an important religious festival celebrated by Muslims worldwide. It marks the end of Ramadan, a month-long period of fasting and introspection observed by Muslims. Eid-al-Fitr is a time of joy and gratitude, as it signifies the successful completion of the month of fasting and the strengthening of one’s faith and spirituality.
Importance of fasting and prayer
During the month of Ramadan, Muslims observe a strict fast from dawn to sunset, abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs. This period of fasting serves as a means of purifying oneself, practicing self-discipline, and empathizing with those less fortunate. It is also a time for increased devotion, with Muslims engaging in additional prayers and recitation of the Quran. Eid-al-Fitr is a celebration of the spiritual growth achieved during Ramadan and the many blessings received.
Eid prayers and special meals
On Eid-al-Fitr, Muslims gather to offer special prayers called “Eid prayers” or “Salat-al-Eid” in mosques or open prayer grounds. These prayers emphasize unity, love, and compassion. Afterward, families enjoy an “Eid feast” or “Eid-ul-Fitr Sadya,” sharing traditional dishes like biryani, kebabs, and sweets with loved ones, neighbors, and the less fortunate, fostering community and generosity.
Exchanging gifts and visiting relatives
Eid-al-Fitr is a time of familial and social bonding, with people visiting relatives, friends, and neighbors to exchange greetings and blessings. It is customary to give and receive gifts during this festive occasion, as a gesture of love, gratitude, and unity. Children, in particular, eagerly await the exchange of “Eidi,” which usually consists of money or small presents given by adults. The exchange of gifts and the joyous reunion of loved ones create a warm and festive atmosphere during Eid-al-Fitr.
Christmas
Celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ
Christmas is a widely celebrated festival that commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christianity. It holds profound religious significance for Christians, as it symbolizes God’s love and redemption for humanity. Christmas is celebrated with immense joy and devotion, not only by Christians but also by people belonging to diverse religious and cultural backgrounds who appreciate the spirit of love, peace, and goodwill associated with the festival.
Church services and carol singing
On Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, Christians around the world attend special church services to celebrate the birth of Jesus. These services often include readings from the Bible, hymns, and prayers. The singing of traditional Christmas carols is a cherished part of the celebrations. Communities gather in churches, homes, and public spaces to sing familiar carols like “Silent Night” and “Hark! The Herald Angels Sing.” The music and lyrics of these carols capture the essence of Christmas, spreading joy and reminding people of the significance of the festival.
Decorating Christmas tree and homes
One of the most recognizable symbols of Christmas is the Christmas tree. Decorating the tree is a beloved tradition practiced by many families worldwide. Christmas trees are adorned with colorful lights, ornaments, and garlands, and topped with a star or an angel, symbolizing the Star of Bethlehem and the angels proclaiming the birth of Jesus. Homes are also decorated with wreaths, stockings, and nativity scenes, creating a warm and festive ambiance that is inviting to family, friends, and visitors.
Gift-giving and feasting
Christmas is a time of giving and expressing love through the exchange of gifts. Loved ones exchange carefully wrapped presents to convey affection, appreciation, and gratitude. The act of giving gifts harkens back to the presents brought by the wise men to the baby Jesus. Additionally, Christmas is a time for feasting and indulging in delicious food. Families come together to share a grand Christmas meal, often consisting of roast turkey, ham, stuffing, cranberry sauce, and an array of delectable desserts. The feasting symbolizes abundance and gratitude for the blessings received throughout the year.
Raksha Bandhan
Bond between brothers and sisters
Raksha Bandhan, also known as Rakhi, is a festival that celebrates the bond between brothers and sisters. It is a day dedicated to the expression of love, affection, and protection between siblings. The festival highlights the unique relationship shared by brothers and sisters, emphasizing the importance of nurturing and supporting one another.
Tying of Rakhi on brother’s wrist
A significant ritual of Raksha Bandhan involves the sister tying a decorative thread called Rakhi on her brother’s wrist. The Rakhi symbolizes the sister’s love and affection for her brother, and the brother, in turn, promises to protect and care for his sister. The exchange of Rakhi is accompanied by the recitation of prayers and the application of a vermilion mark on the brother’s forehead, symbolizing the sister’s blessings for his well-being.
Exchange of gifts and sweets
Raksha Bandhan is a time for siblings to express their love and gratitude through the exchange of gifts and sweets. Sisters often prepare or purchase special sweets like laddoos or barfis, which are shared with their brothers. In return, brothers present their sisters with gifts as a token of appreciation. Popular gifts exchanged during Raksha Bandhan include clothing, accessories, books, and personalized items. The exchange of gifts and sweets strengthens the bond between siblings and creates cherished memories.
Promise of protection and love
The essence of Raksha Bandhan lies in the promise of protection and love between brothers and sisters. The festival signifies the unbreakable bond and the lifelong commitment of siblings towards each other. The Rakhi serves as a talisman, symbolizing the brother’s duty to safeguard his sister and offering her a sense of security. Raksha Bandhan is not only a celebration of sibling love but also a reminder of the valuable relationships that contribute to our emotional well-being.
Pongal/Makar Sankranti
Harvest festival
Pongal, also known as Makar Sankranti, is a harvest festival celebrated predominantly in the southern states of India. It is a time when farmers express their gratitude for a bountiful harvest and seek blessings for future prosperity. The festival is also associated with the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn, marking the beginning of longer days and the end of the winter solstice.
Preparation of Pongal dish
A prominent feature of Pongal is the preparation and sharing of a traditional dish called Pongal. This dish is made using freshly harvested rice, lentils, jaggery (unrefined cane sugar), and spices. The ingredients are cooked together in a pot until they overflow, symbolizing abundance and prosperity. The aroma of the dish wafts through homes and brings families together to enjoy a hearty meal, reinforcing the spirit of gratitude and community.
Flying kites and bonfires
During Pongal, people engage in various recreational activities to celebrate the harvest season. Flying kites is a popular pastime during this time, with colorful kites dotting the sky and adding to the festive atmosphere. Additionally, bonfires known as Bhogi fires are lit in front of homes to discard old and unwanted items such as clothes and furniture. This act represents letting go of the past and welcoming new beginnings with a sense of cleanliness and purity.
Worship of the Sun God
Pongal also includes the worship of the Sun God, known as Surya Puja. Devotees offer prayers and thanks to the Sun God for providing light, warmth, and the energy needed for agriculture. The prayers are performed at sunrise, and people gather on riverbanks or open spaces to purify themselves by taking a dip in the holy water. The festival reinforces the connection between nature, farming, and the livelihood of the agricultural community, fostering a sense of reverence and gratitude towards the environment.
Onam
Kerala’s harvest festival
Onam is a ten-day harvest festival celebrated primarily in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is a time when people pay homage to the mythical King Mahabali and rejoice in the bountiful harvest of rice and other crops. Onam is marked by colorful festivities, elaborate feasts, and cultural performances, showcasing the rich heritage of Kerala.
Traditional Onam Sadya meal
An integral part of Onam is the grand Onam Sadya, a traditional feast served on a banana leaf. The meal consists of several vegetarian dishes, including rice, sambar, rasam, avial, thoran, and payasam. The diversity of flavors and textures in the Onam Sadya reflects the culinary excellence of Kerala. Families and communities come together to enjoy the feast, reinforcing the spirit of unity, togetherness, and sharing.
Snake boat races and dance forms
One of the highlights of Onam is the spectacular snake boat races known as Vallamkali. These races are held on backwaters and rivers in Kerala, with teams of rowers competing fiercely to win. The synchronized rowing movements, the rhythm of the songs, and the energetic cheers of the spectators create an electrifying atmosphere. Onam is also a time for showcasing various dance forms, such as Kathakali and Mohiniyattam, which depict mythical stories and showcase the rich cultural heritage of Kerala.
Athapookalam (floral rangoli) decorations
During Onam, people engage in the creation of intricate and vibrant flower carpets known as Athapookalam or Pookalam. These floral rangoli designs are made by arranging colorful flower petals and leaves on the floor. The designs range from simple patterns to elaborate and artistic compositions. Each day of the festival, additional layers and details are added to the Pookalam, creating a visually stunning display. The Athapookalam symbolizes prosperity, happiness, and the welcoming of King Mahabali into homes.
Gurpurab
Observance of Sikh gurus’ birthdays
Gurpurab refers to the celebration of the birthdays of the ten Sikh gurus, as well as the birth anniversary of Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism. Gurpurabs hold immense significance for the Sikh community as they commemorate the lives and teachings of these revered spiritual leaders. These occasions serve as an opportunity to reflect on their profound impact, seek inspiration, and reinforce one’s commitment to the values of Sikhism.
Decorated gurdwaras and Nagar Kirtans
Gurpurabs, celebrated at gurdwaras, mark significant Sikh events. The atmosphere is festive, adorned with lights and flowers. Devotees gather for prayers, kirtans, and sermons honoring Sikh gurus. Nagar Kirtans, religious processions, spread messages of unity and service.
Singing of devotional hymns
Music plays a central role in Gurpurab celebrations, with devotees singing and reciting devotional hymns known as shabads. The verses from Guru Granth Sahib are sung in traditional ragas (melodies) with profound devotion and fervor. The singing of shabads brings solace, inspiration, and a sense of unity among the congregation, fostering a spiritual connection with the teachings of the Sikh gurus. The melodies and rhythms uplift the soul and reinforce the core principles of Sikhism.
Langar (community meal) for all
One of the noble traditions associated with Gurpurab is the langar, a community meal offered to people of all backgrounds, irrespective of caste, creed, or social status. Langar is a symbol of equality, compassion, and selfless service, reflecting the core principles of Sikhism. Devotees and volunteers come together to prepare and serve simple vegetarian meals to all attendees, emphasizing the unity and shared humanity among individuals. Langar highlights the importance of selfless giving and provides an opportunity for individuals to actively participate in the spirit of service to others.
